Case studies

Bounded cases. System-level questions.

Individual events are used only where necessary to test reporting, protection, investigation, remedy, enforcement and learning.

Controlled case-study protocol

A case study is not a vehicle for converting a disputed allegation into a public fact.

Material is bounded by the research question, anonymised where necessary and supported by a source register. Personal experience is relevant only where it tests how an institutional system functions.

Claim-status taxonomy

Documented Fact
Directly supported by identified evidence.Allegation
Asserted but not independently established.Disputed Matter
Materially contested by relevant actors.Documented Discrepancy
Conflict between records or versions.Monitoring Inference
Reasoned but non-final analytical inference.Legal Characterisation
Legal position, not an adjudicated fact unless stated.Open Question
Evidence remains insufficient or unavailable.

From Accounting Signal to Institutional Closure

A controlled longitudinal GRF case study of ArcelorMittal Zenica / ArcelorMittal Group, 2021–2026, published 28 August 2026 with an evidence cut-off of 27 August 2026.

The study tests whether a material governance signal generated timely protection, independent investigation, auditable remediation and institutional learning. The author is also the reporting person and a participant in the event sequence; this requires enhanced source discipline and independent verification.

Research boundary. The publication does not determine criminal, tax, civil or individual responsibility; it does not establish that the case caused a corporate sale, production closure, financial distress or insolvency.

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Publication safeguards

  • No sensitive medical, tax, personal or commercially confidential data.
  • No final legal qualification of open proceedings.
  • Source access and redaction decisions documented.
  • Competing explanations and break conditions retained.
  • Conclusions limited to the level supported by the record.